Typically, three wires run from a distribution box to a standard socket: live (phase), neutral, and ground.

Standard Wiring Configuration

For a typical single-phase residential socket, the wiring consists of:

• Live (Phase) Wire: Carries the current from the distribution box to the socket. Usually color-coded black, red, or brown depending on local standards .
• Neutral Wire: Completes the circuit back to the distribution box. Typically color-coded white or blue .
• Ground (Earth) Wire: Provides safety by connecting the socket to the earth, preventing electric shock. Often a bare copper wire or green/yellow striped . These three wires are usually bundled in a single cable, such as 14/2 with ground (in the U.S.) or 2.5 mm² with ground (in India) for standard 15–20A circuits .

Variations

• Two-Wire Circuits: Older installations may have only live and neutral, without a ground. This is less safe and not recommended for modern wiring .
• Multi-Wire or Shared Neutral Circuits: In some cases, a 12/3 or 14/3 cable is used, which includes two hot wires, one neutral, and a ground. This allows two separate circuits to share a neutral, commonly used in kitchens or for multiple outlets on a single run .
• Special Loads: Appliances like air conditioners may require additional wires for higher current or three-phase connections .

Summary

For a standard domestic socket, three wires (live, neutral, and ground) are the norm. The exact number can vary depending on the circuit design, local electrical codes, and whether multiple circuits share a neutral. Always ensure wiring complies with safety standards and is installed by a qualified electrician .